The lack of affordable childcare in poor urban settings prevents women from engaging in paid work. Further, children face significant challenges related to their healthy development due to a lack of proper care when parents are at work. The NECS study was implemented to understand the use of paid childcare and the characteristics associated with these choices; the size of provision of paid childcare; and provider decision-making and behaviour around childcare. The study used a mixed-methods program of research including a household survey, childcare provider mapping, and qualitative research with parents/carers and childcare providers.